Environmental Analysis - 1528 Words

External and Internal Environmental Analysis Aeropostale is a mall-based, specialty retailer of casual apparel and accessories, principally targeting 14 to 17 year-old young men and women through its Aeropostale stores and 7 to 12 year-old children through P.S. from Aeropostale stores (Aeropostale, 2012, para. 2). Aeropostale opened its doors in 1987, in the New York area. The specialty retailer had more than 110 stores in 1999 and has grown to more than 900 stores in the US, Puerto Rico, and Canada. Aeropostale’s name dates back to the 1920s. The stores are named after Compagnie Generale Aeropostale, an airmail company, was the first to fly between France, South Africa, and South America. External and Internal Environmental Analysis A†¦show more content†¦The principle competitive factors of the retail clothing industry are design, brand image, consumer preference, price, quality, marketing, and customer service. Some of the products in the retail clothing industry can carry over from season to season, but this industry is subject to change because of the rapid changing fashion trends and changes in consumer demand. Retail must identify, anticipate, and capitalize on the emerging fashion trends. Aeropostale is a specialty retail clothing store. The specialty industries are companies that operate stores that concentrate on one brand or product. The Retail (Special Lines) Industry is made up of a diverse group of merchants that sell a variety of products, from apparel, and accessories to electronics to home dà ©cor (Ferrara, 2012, para. 1). Specialty retail stores sale their merchandise through chain stores in shopping malls, outlet malls, and street locations. The operating environment is competitive for Aeropostale. Retail clothing stores like Aeropostale need to be innovative to compete because they compete with other specialty stores and online-only retailers that offer large selections of merchandise and low prices. Specialty retailers must rely on technology powered business transformation because this industry is the most affected by macroeconomic factors. Aeropostale must also focus on efficiency initiatives to survive and forShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Analysis19492 Words   |  78 Pagesare relative to outside influences. There is therefore a need to carry out an analysis of these forces by means of methods we are going to discuss in details later, and this is called the environmental analysis. Managers are also concerned in the ways in which organizations can most clearly identify their current position in the market. It is against the background of the picture that emerges from this analysis that the strategist should then be in a far better position to begin the processRead MoreNike Macro Environmental Analysis Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesPA1: Nike - Environmental Marketing Analysis Mahendranath Gunti BUS 510 - Marketing Management Westcliff University Instructor: Dr. Geraldine Goodstone Nike is a global brand headquartered in the United States, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region, specialized in the manufacturing of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories and equipment. Nike products can be found in over 20,000 retail stores. This paper focuses on the six macroeconomic factors (political, Economic, Social, Technology, LegalRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : An Organization And Evaluating The Level Of Threat Or Opportunity They Present Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesEnvironmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present. Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatsRead MoreBoston Environmental Analysis : Boston Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesZhuoran Li NRES102: Instructor Carmen Ugarte Boston Environmental Analysis Introduction Over the last few decades, Boston has come across many environmental problems. Air pollution, water contamination and pollution in land resources are identified as primary areas of concerns. Carbon emission and wastage of fossil fuels are the main reasons for pollution. Conservation of energy is very significant. Through utilization of renewable energy sources fossil fuel wastage can be reduced to considerableRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : A Company s Name Phone No1443 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental analysis Submission details Candidate’s name Phone no. Assessor’s name Phone no. Assessment site Assessment date/s Time/s The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below for details. Performance objective In this assessment, you are required to complete analyses of the organisational environmentRead MorePestel Analysis : Macro Environmental Factors Affecting The Clothing Industry1374 Words   |  6 Pages PESTEL Analysis Macro-environmental factors affecting the clothing industry are those which lie outside the industry and their competitors. Business owners have less control over these external factors, and their impact in changing them is minimal. Instead, they must adapt to these macro-environmental factors, which include : †¢ Political †¢ Economical †¢ Social †¢ Technological †¢ Environmental †¢ Legal The way the companies adapt to these factors determines both their ability to differentiate themselvesRead MoreCompany Profile, Environmental And Swot Analysis And Key Managerial Issues1647 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER THREE COMPANY PROFILE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SWOT ANALYSIS AND KEY MANAGERIAL ISSUES This study seeks to develop a five year human resource strategic plan for the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE). Specific objectives of the research were (a) to identify the current gaps in human resource management at NCCE; (b) to note the effect of the human resource gaps on organizational performance; (c) to ascertain what steps NCCE has put in place to address the human resource gaps; (d) toRead MoreWater Quality Analysis Of The Potable And Environmental Water853 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research project I conducted the water quality analysis of both the potable and environmental water at various village sites, and in the New River Lagoon in Belize. The data collected in this project contributed to the data collected over the past decade by previous McMaster fellows and scholars. Moreover, we conveyed the results from this study to the community partners in the villages San Carlos, Rancho Dolores, and with the Programme for Belize—the managing entity of R io Bravo ConservationRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis2952 Words   |  12 Pagesà ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¹Å' à ¸ ªÃ  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¾Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¡ (Environmental Analysis) à ¹â€šÃ  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¢ à ¸ ­.à ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ¥ à ¸Å¾Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸ ¥ à ¸ ªÃ  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¾Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¹Å'à ¸ Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ¢ †¢ à ¸ ªÃ  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¾Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸  (External environment) à ¸â€¢Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¹Å'à ¸â€Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹â€° à ¸ ± General environment †¢ à ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ¨Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ©Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸Ë† à ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡ EFAS †¢ à ¸ ªÃ  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ ¡ à ¸ §Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â€™Ã  ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ËœÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ¡ †¢ à ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ·Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡ à ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡ à ¸ Ã  ¸Å½Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢ à ¸â€"à ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¡Ã  ¹â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ª à ¹ Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ° †¢ à ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€"à ¸â€žÃ  ¹â€šÃ  ¸â„¢Ã  ¹â€šÃ  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ µ à ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¸Ã  ¸â€ºÃ  ¸ ªÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¹Å'à ¸ Ã  ¸ £ Competitive environment †¢ Five Force Model o à ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ ¹Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¹Æ'à ¸ «Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¹Ë† o à ¸â€žÃ  ¸ ¹Ã  ¹Ë†Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¹Ë†Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â„¢ à ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€¡ ICFAS o à ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ¹Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ² o à ¸Å"à ¸ ¹Ã  ¸â€šÃ  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¸â€"à ¸ ¸Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¸Å¡ à ¹â€° o à ¸ ªÃ  ¸ ´ à ¸â„¢Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸â€"à ¸â€Ã  ¹ Ã  ¸â€"à ¸â„¢ †¢ à ¸ ªÃ  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å¾ à ¹ Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸â€Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¹â€°Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸  Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¹Æ'à ¸â„¢(Internal environment) à ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ µÃ  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ·Ã  ¹Ë† à ¸ ­Ã  ¸â€¡Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ ·Ã  ¸ ­Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ¥Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â€¢Ã  ¸ ±Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¹Æ'à ¸â„¢Ã  ¸ Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ §Ã  ¸ ´Ã  ¹â‚¬Ã  ¸â€žÃ  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ °Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¹Å'Read MoreEnvironmental Analysis1326 Words   |  6 Pagesthe landfill gas problem. However L.G.I. Pty Ltd also has several threats potentially impacting its operations, for example from large energy generators, large waste companies and opposition to landfill gas. With the continuing pace of global environmental awareness and a general growing consensus about the potential damage of greenhouse gases, the Australian Government may introduction legislation and associated taxation such as the use of carbon credits that are designed punish landfill owners

The Goal Of Sustainable Development Goals - 1077 Words

The twelfth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to â€Å"Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns† (Open Working Group†). Section I: Identifying Targets and Measurability The targets for the twelfth SDG are outlined by the Open Working Group Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals and will be identified in the appendix and evaluated based on groupings that are similar in this section. The measurability of targets 12.1, 12.c, 12.7, 12.6 and 12.8 are broad and unattainable because they do not define responsibilities meanwhile they call for â€Å"all countries† to take mass sweeping action. Target 12.8 calls for 7 billion people have the â€Å"relevant information† (which isn’t specified) to live in â€Å"harmony with nature†. Neither of these sentiments can be measured The target is vague and would not realistically be feasible for every country to achieve. Furthermore we cannot really measure the extent to which developing countries â€Å"take the lead† on implementing these targets worldwide. Another ambiguous target is the â€Å"encouragement of businesses in providing information in reports†. â€Å"Sustainable information† and more corporate social responsibility schemes do not indicate quantifiable change in business practices. The measurability of targets 12.4, 12.2, 12.8, 12.3 have a time-based indicator but are far too reliable on the standard of ‘sustainability’ that they lack any measurable indicators. â€Å"sound management†, â€Å"efficiency†, â€Å"awareness† are allShow MoreRelatedGoal 15 Of The Un Sustainable Development Goals968 Words   |  4 PagesGoal 15 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals focuses on the protection, restoration and promotion of sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. This includes the sustainable management of forests, the combating of desertification and the halt and reversal of land degradation and biodiversity loss. This Goal contains 12 individual targets, which specifically explain how this goal will be reached. Targets 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3 can both be measured through satellite imaging. For example, the areaRead MoreImproving The Sustainable Development Goals840 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary education. Increasing equitable access to quality basic education, especially among the most marginalized children, and improving learning outcomes are key ingredients in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDG agenda is even more ambitious than the Millennium Development Goal 2, and achieving and delivering results will require a robust financing mechanism and more resources. Extending free public schooling through secondary education, including one year of preprimaryRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Sustainable Development Goals1090 Words   |  5 PagesGoal 14 of the Sustainable Development Goals aims to â€Å"Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.† (Open Working Group Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals.†) Under this main goal lies seven sub goals, of which some are more measurable than others. All goals can be measured with a quantifiable unit, although some measurements may be harder to interpret than others. Goal 14.1 logically proves to be measurable, as marine pollution is a materialRead MoreObjectives Of A Sustainable Development Goals1002 Words   |  5 PagesSeventeen Sustainable Development Goals, drafted by the United Nations, consider to improve global sustainability. Goal 7 includes five targets that ensure access to sustainable, and modern energy for all. However, one of the targets described is not truly measurable. For instance, target 7.1 does not specify the type of modern energy services. In fact, different countries, based on their geographic locations or status of development, will rely on different types of modern energy services. FurthermoreRead MoreObjectives Of The Sustainable Development Goals1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which expire in 2015. Focusing on goal 15 of the SDGs, the measurability and overall effectiveness of the targets will be assessed. Targets 15.2 through 15.5 and 15.8 focus on conserving specific ecosystems and reducing biodiversity loss. Each specifies a deadline year (2020 or 2030) for being in progress or completed, which helps to measure the timeline for the goal. Each target can be quantified inRead MoreObjectives Of The Sustainable Development Goals1494 Words   |  6 Pages The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of global agendas set by the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2030. They are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals, which were framed through the Millennium Deceleration in 2000 to address the needs of the world poor (1). The Millennium Development goals included a set of eight easily stated goals with 21 targets and 48 indicators to measure progress (1). Amongst them- reducing child mortality (MDG 4), improving maternal health (MDGRead MoreThe Sustainable Development Goal ( Sdg )1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe thirteenth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), presented by the United Nations, identifies a need to â€Å"take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts,† and presents five targets for ensuring global sustainability and resilience in wake of the warming climatic system. For the sake of efficient analysis the measurability of the first three targets 13.1-13.3 regarding global adaptation will be grouped, while 13.a+b concerning developing countries will be addressed separately. The effectivenessRead MoreThe Ratification Of The Un Sustainable Development Goals1071 Words   |  5 Pagesof the UN Sustainable Development Goals is a significant step towards the creation of a modern world by 2030. The 17 goals cover wide ranging aspects that ensure everyone’s human rights are met. Additionally, these goals provide a pathway towards success and prosperity for all future generations, i.e. they recognize that Earth cannot sustain our current habits indefinitely. In this regard, one of the fundamental goals is number seven, ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modernRead MoreSustainable Development Goals Of The United Nations957 Words   |  4 PagesNations, as an organization that always devotes to promoting the development of human beings, has proposed a set of sustainable development goals in place of the old Millennium Development Goals. Goal 7, w hich is related to energy and includes 5 targets, is aimed to â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.† Measurability of the Targets From a personal perspective, it seems that most targets within Goal 7 are measurable. The first target, â€Å"by 2030 ensure universalRead MoreIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?1490 Words   |  6 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that there

Advertising Message Free Essays

string(56) " requires that messages must draw conclusions for them\." Advertising Messages and Creative Approaches †¢ Whether advertising converts people into becoming brand-loyal customers or acts as a defensive shield to reassure current buyers, and whether central or peripheral cues are required, there still remains the decision about the nature and form of the message to be conveyed: the creative strategy. †¢ In practice, the generation of suitable messages is derived from the creative brief. For the sake of discussion and analysis, four elements will be considered. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Message or any similar topic only for you Order Now These concern the balance, the structure, the perceived source and the presentation o f the message to the target audience †¢ The Balance of the Message †¢ With high-involvement decisions, where persuasion occurs through a central processing route, the emphasis o f the message should be on the information content, in particular, the key attributes and the associated benefits. †¢ It is evident from previous discussions that the effectiveness of any single message is dependent upon a variety of issues. From a receiver’s perspective, two elements appear to be significant: first, the amount and quality of the information that is communicated, and, second, the overall judgement that each individual makes about the way a message is communicated. †¢ The Balance of the Message †¢ This suggests that the style of a message should reflect a balance between the need for information and the need for pleasure or enjoyment in consuming the message. It is clear that when dealing with high-involvement decisions, where persuasion occurs through a central processing route, the emphasis of the message should be on the information content, in particular, the key attributes and the associated benefits. This style is often factual and product orientated. If the product evokes low-involvement decision-making, then the message should concentrate upon the images that are created within the mind of the message recipient. This style seeks to elicit an emotional response from receivers. There are, of course, many situations where both rational and emotional messages are needed by buyers in order to make purchasing decisions. †¢ Likeability †¢ Likeability is important, because learning and attitude change may be positively correlated with the degree to which consumption o f the message is enjoyed. †¢ An issue that has been gaining increasing attention since the beginning of the 1990s concerns the level of likeability that an advertisement generates. Likeability is important, because learning and attitude change may be positively correlated with the degree to which consumption of the message is enjoyed. This means that the greater the enjoyment, the greater the exposure to the message and the lower the probability that the message will be perceptually zapped. †¢ Biel (1990) found that changes in product preferences were considerably improved when receivers had `liked the commercial a lot’. This compares with those who were less enthusiastic or neutral towards the advertisement. Haley (1990) reported that advertisements that create a belief that the product is excellent and where messages that are liked are commercially more successful. In other words, a message that is well liked will sell more product than a message that fails to generate interest and liking. †¢ This begs the question, `what makes a message liked? ‘ Obviously, the receiver must be stimulated to become interested in the message. Having become emotionally engaged, interest can only be sustained if the credibility of the advertisement can also be maintained. The style of the message should be continued, in order that the context of the message does not require the target audience to readjust their perception. This is particularly important for low-involvement messages, where receivers have little or no interest. If the weak theory is adopted, then `liked’ advertisements will tend to be those for whom the receiver has prior experience or exposure. Messages that are well liked appear to consist of the following components (du Plessis, 1998): 1. The advertisement needs to be entertaining. This usually means that the advertisement is new and people are curious. 2. People like advertisements with which they can identify and which show them in a good light 3. People appear to like advertisements that refer to products that are new, that tell them how the products might be useful to them and which show them how to use products. Otherwise, perceptual selection will ensure that messages for products of which target has no experience, or which the target has no interest in, will be screened regardless of the quality or the likeability of the communication The likeability level that an advertisement achieves is not the sole reason or measure of an advertisement’s success or effectiveness (Joyce, 1991). Research from The Netherlands suggests that interest is also an important and interrelated factor. Stapel (1991) strongly suggests that advertisers should make their messages interesting, as this will probably lead to liking and overall effectiveness. †¢ However, likeability and associated interest are new and interesting contributions that need to be considered when the style of an advertising message is determined. †¢ Message Structure An important part of message strategy is the consideration of the best way of communicating the key points, or core message, to the target audience without encountering objections and opposing points of view. The following are regarded as important structural features which shape the pattern of a message †¢ Conclusion Drawing †¢ Should the message draw a firm conclusion for the audience or should people be allowed to draw their own conclusions from the content? Explicit conclusions are, of course, more easily understood and stand a better chance of being effective (Kardes, 1988). However, it is the nature of the issue, the particular situation and the composition of the target audience that influence the effectiveness of conclusion drawing (Hovland and Mandell, 1952). Whether or not a conclusion should be drawn for the receiver depends upon the following: 1. The complexity o f the issue Healthcare products, central heating systems and personal finance services, for example, can be complex, and for some members of the target audience their cog nitive ability, experience and motivation may not be sufficient for them to draw their own conclusions. The complexity of the product requires that messages must draw conclusions for them. You read "Advertising Message" in category "Essay examples" It should also be remembered that even highly informed and motivated audiences may require assistance if the product or issue is relatively new. 2. The level o f education possessed by the receiver Better-educated audiences prefer to draw their own conclusions, whereas less educated audiences may need the conclusion drawn for them because they may not be able to make the inference from the message. 3. Whether immediate action is required If urgent action is required by the receiver, then a conclusion should be drawn very clearly. Political parties can be observed to use this strategy immediately before an election. 4. The level o f involvement High involvement usually means that receivers prefer to make up their own minds and may reject or resent any attempt to have the conclusion drawn for them (Arora, 1985). One- and two-sided messages †¢ This concerns whether the cases for and against an issue or just that in favour are presented to an audience. Messages that present just one argument, in favour of the product or issue, are referred to as one-sided. Research indicates that one-sided messages are more effective when receivers favour the opinion offered in the message and when the receivers are less educated. †¢ Two-sided messages, where the good and bad points of an issue are presented, are more effective when the †¢ receiver’s initial opinion is opposite to that presented in the message and when they are highly educated. Credibility is improved and two-sided messages tend to produce more positive perceptions of a source than one-sided messages (Faison, 1961). †¢ Order of Presentation Further questions regarding the development of message strategy concern the order in which important points are presented. Messages which present the strongest points at the beginning use what is referred to as the primacy effect. The decision to place the main points at the beginning depends on whether the audience has a low or high level of involvement. A low level may require an attention-getting message component at the beg inning. Similarly, if the target has an opinion opposite to that contained in the message, a weak point may lead to a high level of counter-argument. †¢ A decision to lace the strongest points at the end of the message assumes that the recency effect will bring about greater levels of persuasion. This is appropriate when the receiver agrees with the position adopted by the source or has a high positive level of involvement. †¢ The order of argument presentation is more relevant in personal selling than in television advertisements. However, as learning through television is largely passive, because involvement is low and interest minimal, the presentation of key selling points at the beginning and at the end of the message will enhance message reception and recall. A decision to place the strongest points at the end of the message assumes that the recency effect will bring about greater levels of persuasion. This is appropriate when the receiver agrees with the position ad opted by the source or has a high positive level of involvement. †¢ The order of argument presentation is more relevant in personal selling than in television advertisements. However, as learning through television is largely passive, because involvement is low and interest minimal, the presentation of key selling points at the beginning and at the end of the message will enhance message reception and recall. A decision to place the strongest points at the end of the message assumes that the recency effect will bring about greater levels of persuasion. This is appropriate when the receiver agrees with the position adopted by the source or has a high positive level of involvement. †¢ The order of argument presentation is more relevant in personal selling than in television advertisements. However, as learning through television is largely passive, because involvement is low and interest minimal, the presentation of key selling points at the beginning and at the end of the m essage will enhance message reception and recall. Source of the Message †¢ The effect of source credibility. on the effectiveness of the communication, and in particular the persuasiveness of a message, should not he underestimated. †¢ The key components of source credibility are, first, the level of perceived expertise (how much knowledge the source is thought to hold) and the personal motives the source is believed to possess. What degree of trust can be placed in the source concerning the motives for communicating the message in the first place? No matter what the level of expertise, if the level of trust is questionable, credibility ,will be adversely affected. Establishing Credibility †¢ Credibility can be established in a number of ways. One simple approach is to list or display the key attributes of the organisation or the product and then signal trustworthiness through the use of third-party endorsements and the comments of satisfied users. †¢ A more comp lex approach is to use referrals, suggestions and association. Trustworthiness and expertise, the two principal aspects of credibility, can be developed by using a spokesperson or organisation to provide testimonials on behalf of the sponsor of the. advertisement. Credibility, therefore, can be established by the initiator of the advertisement or by a messenger or spokesperson used by the initiator to convey the message. †¢ Credibility Established by the Initiator †¢ The credibility of the organisation initiating the communication process is important. An organisation should seek to enhance its reputation with its various stakeholders at every opportunity. †¢ However, organisational credibility is derived from the image, which in turn is a composite of many perceptions. Past decisions, current strategy and performance indicators, level of service and the type of performance network members (e. . high-quality retail outlets) all influence the perception of an organisat ion and the level of credibility that follows. †¢ Credibility Established by the Initiator †¢ One very important factor that influences credibility is branding. Private and family brands in particular allow initiators to develop and launch new products more easily than those who do not have such brand strength. Brand extensions (such as Mars icecream) have been launched with the credibility of the product firmly grounded in the strength of the parent brand name (Mars). Consumers recognise the name and make associations that enable them to lower the perceived risk and in doing so provide the platform to try the new product. †¢ The need to establish high levels of credibility also allows organisations to divert advertising spend away from a focus upon brands to one that focuses upon the organisation. Corporate advertising seeks to adjust organisation image and to build reputation. †¢ Credibility Established by a Spokesperson †¢ People who deliver the message are often regarded as the source, when in reality they are only the messenger. These people carry the message and represent the true source or initiator of the message (e. g. manufacturer or retailer). Consequently, the testimonial they transmit must be credible. There are four main types of spokesperson: the expert, the celebrity, the chief executive officer and the consumer. †¢ The expert has been used many times and was particularly popular when television advertising first established itself in the 1950s and 1960s. Experts are quickly recognisable because they either wear white coats and round glasses or dress and act like `mad professors’. Through the use of symbolism, stereotypes and identification, these characters (and indeed others) can be established very quickly in the minds of receivers and a frame of reference generated which does not question the authenticity of the message being transmitted by such a person. Experts can also be users of products, for example, professional photographers endorsing cameras, secretaries endorsing word processors and professional golfers endorsing golf equipment †¢ Credibility Established by a Spokesperson Entertainment and sporting celebrities have been used increasingly in the 1990s, not only to provide credibility for a range of high-involvement (e. g. Angus Deayton for Barclaycard and Marianne Paithfull for Virgin Atlantic, and low-involvement decisions (e. g. David Beckham for Brylcream) but also to grab the attention of people in markets where motivation to decide between competitive products may be low. The celebrity enables the message to stand out among the clutter a nd noise that typify many markets. It is also hoped that the celebrity and or the voice-over will become a peripheral cue in the decision-making process: Joanna Lumley for Boots Opticians and AOL email, Gary Lineker for Walkers Crisps and Heather Lockyear for L’Oreal. There are some potential problems which advertisers need to be aware of when considering the use of celebrities. First, does the celebrity fit the image of the brand and will the celebrity be acceptable to the target audience? Consideration also needs to be given to the longer-term elationship between the celebrity and the brand. Should the lifestyle of the celebrity change, what impact will the change have on the target audience and their attitude towards the brand? Witness the separation of the (then) England football coach, Glenn Hoddle, and his wife, and the consequent termination of the Weetabix advertisement set around the family breakfast table. †¢ This matching process can be used to change brand at titudes as well as reinforce them. BT wanted to change the attitude that men had to telephone calls. Rather than being just the bill payer and the gatekeeper of calls to other members of the family, the role Bob Hoskins had was to demonstrate male behaviour and to present a solution that was acceptable to all members of the family. Attitudes held by men towards the telephone and its use changed significantly as a result of the campaign, partly because Hoskins was perceived as a credible spokesperson, someone with whom men could identify and feel comfortable. †¢ The second problem concerns the impact that the celebrity makes relative to the brand. There is a danger that the receiver remembers the celebrity but not the message or the brand that is the focus of the advertising spend. The celebrity becomes the hero, rather than the product being advertised. Summers (1993) suggests that the Cinzano advertisements featuring Joan Collins and Leonard Rossiter are a classic example of the problem: `The characters so dwarfed the product that consumers may have had trouble recalling the brand’. †¢ Issues such as brand development can also be impeded when identification by an audience with the celebrity is strong. Sony had to fade audiences away from its association with John Cleese by using a Robot/Cleese look-alike for a period. †¢ Richard Branson is used to promote Virgin Financial products and Victor Kiam `so liked the razor that he bought the company’ (Remington). Here, the CEO openly promotes his company. This form of testimonial is popular when the image of the CEO is positive and the photogenic and on-screen characteristics provide for enhanced credibility. Bernard Mathews has established authenticity and trustworthiness with his personal promotion of Norfolk Roasts. †¢ The final form of spokesperson is the consumer. By using consumers to endorse products, the audience is being asked to identify with a `typical consumer’. The identification of similar lifestyles, interests and opinions allows for better reception and understanding of the message. Consumers are often depicted testing similar products, such as margarine and butter. The Pepsi Challenge required consumers to select Pepsi from Coca-Cola through blind taste tests. By showing someone using the product, someone who is similar to the receiver, the source is perceived as credible and the potential for successful persuasion is considerably enhanced. Sleeper Effects †¢ The assumption so far has been that high credibility enhances the probability of persuasion and successful communication. This is true when the receiver’s initial position is opposite to that contained in the message. When the receiver’s position is favourable to the message, a moderate level of credibility may be more appropriate. †¢ Whether sou rce credibility is high, medium or low is of little consequence, according to some researchers (Hannah and Sternthal, 1984). The impact of the source is believed to dissipate after approximately six weeks and only the content of the message is thought to dominate the receiver’s attention. This sleeper effect (Hovland et al. , 1949) has not been proved empirically, but the implication is that the persuasiveness of a message can increase through time. Furthermore, advertisers using highly credible sources need to repeat the message on a regular basis, in order that the required level of effectiveness and persuasion be maintained (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1991). †¢ Presentation of the Message The presentation of the promotional message requires that an appeal be made to the target audience. The appeal is important, because unless the execution of the message appeal (the creative) is appropriate to the target audience’s perception and expectations, the chances of successful communication are reduced. †¢ There are two main factors associated with the presentation. Is the message to be domina ted by the need to transmit product-orientated information or is there a need to transmit a message which appeals predominantly to the emotional senses of the receiver? The main choice of presentation style, therefore, concerns the degree of factual information transmitted in a message against the level of imagery thought necessary to make sufficient impact for the message to command attention and then be processed. There are numerous presentational or executional techniques, but the following are some of the more commonly used appeals. †¢ Appeals Based upon the Provision of Information †¢ Factual †¢ Sometimes referred to as the `hard sell’, the dominant objective of these appeals is to provide information. This type of appeal is commonly associated with high-involvement decisions where receivers are sufficiently motivated and able to process information. †¢ Persuasion, according to the ELM, is undertaken through the central processing route. This means that advertisements should be rational and contain logically reasoned arguments and information in order that receivers are able to complete their decision-making processes †¢ †¢ The establishment of credibility is vital if any message is to be accepted. One of the ways in which this can be achieved is to present the message in such a way that the receiver can identify immediately with the scenario being presented. This process of creating similarity is used a great deal in advertising and is referred to as slice-of-life advertising. For example, many washing powder advertisers use a routine that depicts two ordinary women (assumed to be similar to the target receiver), invariably in a kitchen or garden, discussing the poor results achieved by one of their washing powders. Following the advice of one of the women, the stubborn stains are seen to be overcome by the focus brand. The overall effect of this appeal is for the receiver to conclude the following: that person is like me; I have had the same problem as that person; he or she is satisfied using brand X, therefore, I too will use brand X. This technique is simple, well tried, well liked and successful, despite its sexist overtones. It is also interesting to note that a number o f surveys have found that a majority of women feel that advertisers use inappropriate stereotyping to portray females roles, these being predominantly housewife and mother roles. †¢ Demonstration A similar technique is to present the problem to the audience as a demonstration. The focus brand is depicted as instrumental in the resolution of a problem. †¢ Headache remedies, floor cleaners and tyre commercials have traditionally demonstrated the pain, the dirt and the danger respectively and then shown how the focus brand relieves the pain (Panadol), removes the stubborn dirt (Flash) or stops in the wet on a coin (or edge of a rooftop – Continental tyres). †¢ Whether the execution is believable is a function of the credibility and the degree of life-like dialogue or copy that is used. Comparative Advertising †¢ Comparative advertising is a popular means of positioning brands. Messages are based upon the comparison of the focus brand with either a main compet itor brand or all competing brands, with the aim of establishing superior. †¢ The comparison may centre upon one or two key attributes and can be a good way of entering new markets. Entrants keen to establish a presence in a market have little to lose by comparing themselves with market leaders. †¢ However, market leaders have a great deal to lose and little to gain by comparing themselves with minor competitors. Appeals Based Upon Emotions and Feelings †¢ Appeals based on logic and reason are necessary in particular situations. However, as products become similar and as consumers become more aware of the range of available products, so the need to differentiate becomes more important. Increasing numbers of advertisers are using messages which seek to appeal to the target’s emotions and feelings, a `soft sell’. Cars, toothpaste, toilet tissue and mineral water often use emotion-based messages to differentiate their products. There are a number of appeals that can be used to solicit an emotional response from the receiver. Of the many techniques available, the main ones that can be observed to be used most are fear, humour, animation, sex, music, and fantasy and surrealism. †¢ Fear †¢ Fear is used in one of two ways. The first type demonstrates the negative aspects or physical dangers associated with a particular behaviour or improper product usage. Drink driving, life assurance and toothpaste advertising typify this form of appeal. The second approach is the threat of social rejection or disapproval if the focus product is not used. This type of fear is used frequently in advertisements for such products as anti-dandruff shampoos and deodorants and is used to support consumers’ needs for social acceptance and approval. †¢ Fear appeals need to be constrained, if only to avoid being categorised as outrageous and socially unacceptable. There is a great deal of evidence that fear can facilitate attention and inter est in a message and even motivate an individual to take a particular course of action: for example, to stop smoking. Fear appeals are persuasive, according to Schiffman and Kanuk (1991), when low to moderate levels of fear are induced. †¢ Ray and Wilkie (1970), however, show that should the level of fear rise too much, inhibiting effects may prevent the desired action occurring. This inhibition is caused by the individual choosing to screen out, through perceptive selection, messages that conflict with current behaviour. The outcome may be that individuals deny the existence of a problem, claim there is no proof or say that it will not happen to them. †¢ Humour The use of humour as an emotional appeal is attractive because it can draw attention and stimulate interest. A further reason to use humour is that it can put the receiver in a positive mood. Mood can also be important, as receivers in a positive mood are likely to process advertising messages with little cognitive elaboration (Batra and Stayman, 1990). †¢ This can occur because there is less effort involved with peripheral ra ther than central cognitive processing, and this helps to mood protect. In other words, the positive mood state is more likely to be maintained if cognitive effort is avoided. Yellow Pages have used humour quietly to help convey the essence of their brand and to help differentiate it from the competition †¢ It is also argued that humour is effective because argument quality is likely to be high. That is, the level of counter-argument can be substantially reduced. Arguments against the use of humour concern distraction from the focus brand, so that while attention is drawn, the message itself is lost. With the move to global branding and standardisation of advertising messages, humour does not travel well. While the level and type of humour are difficult to gauge in the context of the processing abilities of a domestic target audience, cultural differences seriously impede the transfer of jokes around the world. Visual humour (lavatorial, Benny Hill type approaches) is more universally acceptable (Archer, 1994) than word-based humour, as the latter can get lost in translation without local references to provide clues to decipher the joke. †¢ Humou r, therefore, is a potentially powerful yet dangerous form of appeal. Haas (1997) reports that UK advertising executives have significantly higher confidence in the use of humour than their US counterparts, but concludes that ‘humour is a vague concept and that its perception is influenced by many factors’. These factors shape the context in which messages are perceived and the humour conveyed. †¢ Animation †¢ Animation techniques have advanced considerably in recent years, with children as the prime target audience. However, animation has been successfully used in many adulttargeted advertisements, such as those by Schweppes, Compaq, Tetley Tea, Direct Line Insurance and the Electricity Board. The main reason for using animation is that potentially boring and low-interest/involvement products can be made visually interesting and provide a means of gaining attention. A further reason for the use of animation is that it is easier to convey complex products in a way that does not patronise the viewer. †¢ Sex †¢ Sexual inn uendo and the use of sex as a means of promoting products and services are both common and controversial. Using sex as an appeal in messages is excellent for gaining the attention of buyers. †¢ Research shows, however, that it often achieves little else, particularly when the product is unrelated. Therefore, sex appeals normally work well for products such as perfume, clothing and jewelry but provide for poor effectiveness when the product is unrelated, such as cars, photocopiers and furniture. †¢ Haagen-Dazs premium ice-cream entered the UK market using pleasure as central to the message appeal. This approach was novel to the product class and the direct, natural relationship between the product and the theme contributed to the campaign’s success. †¢ The use of sex in advertising messages is mainly restricted to getting the attention of the audience and, in some circumstances, sustaining interest. It can be used openly, as in various lingerie, fragrance and perfume advertisements, such as WonderBra and Escape, sensually, as in the Haagen-Dazs and Cointreau campaigns, and humorously in the Locketts brand. †¢ Music †¢ Music can provide continuity between a series of advertisements can and also be a good peripheral cue. A jingle, melody or tune, if repeated sufficiently, can become associated with the advertisement. Processing and attitudes towards the advertisement may be directly influenced by the music. Music has the potential to gain attention and assist product differentiation. Braithwaite and Ware (1997) found that music in advertising messages is used primarily either to create a mood or to send a branded message. In addition, music can also be used to signal a lifestyle and so communicate a brand identity through the style of music used. †¢ Many advertisements for cars use music, partly because it is difficult to find a point of differentiation (Independent, 18 October 1996), and music is able to draw attention, generate mood and express brand personality (e. . Rover, BMW, Nissan Micra, Peugeot, Renault). †¢ Some luxury and executive cars are advertised using commanding background music to create an aura of power, prestige and affluence, which is combined with strong visual images in order that an association be made between the car and the environment in which it is positioned. There is a contextual juxtaposition between the car and the environment presented. Readers may notice a semblance of classical conditioning, where the music acts as an unconditioned stimulus. Foxall and Goldsmith (1994) suggest that the stimulus elicits the unconditioned emotional responses that may lead to the purchase of the advertised product †¢ Fantasy and Surrealism †¢ The use of fantasy and surrealism in advertising has grown partly as a result of the increased clutter and legal constraints imposed on some product classes. By using fantasy appeals, associations with certain images and symbols allow the advertiser to focus attention on the product. The receiver can engage in the distraction offered and become involved with the execution of the advertisement. If this is a rewarding experience it may be possible to affect the receiver’s attitudes peripherally. Readers may notice that this links to the earlier discussion on `liking the advertisement’. †¢ Finally, an interesting contribution to the discussion of message appeal has been made by Lannon (1992). She reports that consumers’ expectations of advertisements can be interpreted on the one hand as either literal or stylish and on the other as serious or entertaining, according to the tone of voice. This approach vindicates the view that consumers are active problem solvers and willing and able to decode increasingly complex messages. They can become involved with the execution of the advertisement and the product attributes. The degree of involvement (she argues implicitly) is a function of the motivation each individual has at any one moment when exposed to a particular message. †¢ Fantasy and Surrealism †¢ Advertisers can challenge individuals by presenting questions and visual stimuli that demand attention and cognitive response. Guinness challenged consumers to decode a series of advertisements which were unlike all previous Guinness advertisements and, indeed, all messages in the product class. The celebrity chosen was dressed completely in black, which contrasted with his blonde hair, and he was shown in various time periods, past and future, and environments that receivers did not expect. He was intended to represent the personification of the drink and symbolised the individual nature of the product. Audiences were puzzled by the presentation and many rejected the challenge of interpretation. `S urfer’ and `Bet on Black’ are more recent Guinness campaigns which seek to convey the importance and necessity to wait (for the drink to be poured properly). To accomplish this, it portrays a variety of situations in which patience results in achievement. †¢ Fantasy and Surrealism †¢ When individuals respond positively to a challenge, the advertiser can either provide closure (an answer) or, through surreal appeals, leave the receivers to answer the questions themselves in the context in which they perceive the message. One way of achieving this challenging position is to use an appeal that cognitively disorients the receiver (Parker and Churchill, 1986). If receivers are led to ask the question `What is going on here? ‘ their involvement in the message is likely to be very high. Benetton consistently raises questions through its advertising. By presenting a series of messages that are socially disorientating, and for many disconcerting, Benetton continually presents a challenge that moves away from involving individuals into an approach where salience and `standing out’ predominates. This high-risk strategy, with a risk of rejection, has prevailed for a number of years. The surrealist approach does not provide or allow for closure †¢ The conformist approach, by contrast, does require closure in order to avoid any possible counter arguing and message rejection. Parker and Churchill argue that, by leaving questions unanswered, receivers can become involved in both the product and the execution of the advertisement. Indeed, most advertisements contain a measure of rational and emotional elements. A blend of the two elements is necessary and the right mixture is dependent upon the perceived risk and motivation that the target audience has at any one particular moment. †¢ The message appeal should be a balance of the informative and emotional dimensions. Furthermore, message quality is of paramount importance. Buzzell (1964) reported that `Advertising message quality is more important than the level of advertising expenditure’. Adams and Henderson Blair (1992) confirm that the weight of advertising is relatively unimportant, and that the quality of the appeal is the dominant factor. However, the correct blend of informative and emotional elements in any appeal is paramount for persuasive effectiveness. †¢ Advertising Tactics †¢ The main creative elements of a message need to be brought together in order for an advertising plan to have substance. The processes used to develop message appeals need to be open but systematic. †¢ The level of involvement and combination of the think/emotional dimensions that receivers bring to their decision-making processes are the core concepts to be considered when creating an advertising message. Rossiter and Percy (1997) have devised a deductive framework which involves the disaggregation of the emotional (feel) dimension to a greater degree than that proposed by Vaughn (1980) (see Chapter 12 for details). They claim that there are two broad types of motive that drive attitudes towards purchase behaviour. These are informational and transformational motives and these will now be considered in turn. †¢ Informational Motives †¢ Individuals have a need for information to counter negative concerns about a purchase decision. These informational motives are said to be negatively charged feelings. They can become positively charged, or the level of concern can be reduced considerably, by the acquisition of relevant information. †¢ Transformational Motives †¢ Promises to enhance or to improve the user of a brand are referred to as transformational motives. These are related to the user’s feelings and are capable of transforming a user’s emotional state, hence they are positively charged. Three main transformational motives have been distinguished by Rossiter et al. (1991): †¢ Various emotional states can be associated with each of these motives, and they should be used to portray an emotion that is appropriate to the needs of the target audience. †¢ One of the key promotion objectives, identified earlier, is the need to create or improve levels of awareness regarding the product or organisation. This is achieved by determining whether awareness is required at the paint of purchase or prior to purchase. Brand recognition (at the point of purchase) requires an emphasis upon visual stimuli, the package and the brand name, whereas brand recall (prior to purchase) requires an emphasis on a limited number of peripheral cues. These may be particular copy lines, the use of music or colours for continuity and attention-getting frequent use of the brand name in the context of the category need, or perhaps the use of strange or unexpected presentation formats. Advertising tactics can be determined by the particular combination of involvement and motives that exist at a particular time within the target audience. †¢ If a high involvement decision process is determined with people using a central processing route then the types of tactics shown in Figures 21. 2 and 21. 3 are recommended by Rossiter and Percy(1997). If a low-involvement decision process is determined with the target audience using a peripheral processing route, then the types of tactics shown in Figures 21. and 21. 5 are recommended. †¢ The Rossiter-Percy approach provides for a range of advertising tactics that are oriented to the conditions that are determined by the interplay of the level of involvement and the type of dominant motivation. These conditions may only exist within a member of the target audience for a certain time. Consequently, they may change and the advertising tactics may also have to change to meet the new conditions. There are two points that emerge form the work of Rossiter and Percy. The first is that all messages should be designed to carry both rational, logical information and emotional stimuli but in varying degrees and forms. Second, low involvement conditions require the use of just one or two benefits in a message whereas high involvement conditions can sustain a number of different benefit claims. This is because †¢ persuasion through the central processing route is characterized by an evaluation of the alternatives within any one product category How to cite Advertising Message, Essay examples

Human Resources Management and Challenges †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resources Management Challenges. Answer: Introduction In this report, adamantine study has been conducted on the human resources management and challenges faced by employees in the complex business conditions. Organization is accompanied with complex set of activities in which various functions are performed and handled. This report reflects the human resources management strategies which organization should use while handling employees hiring and selecting employees in organization. After that challenges and problems faced by organization while handling human resources management policies and frameworks have been discussed. With the increasing ramification of economic changes and factors of organizational complex business conditions, each and every organization needs to hire human resources management department to implement proper level of HRM policies and frameworks. There are several companies around the globe which are creating core competency by adopting employees oriented organizational culture (Brewster and Hegewisch, 2017). These are the companies such as Woolworth, Wesfarmers, Tesco and G.E. Capital that have created employees oriented organizational culture. Human resource management department is essential part of the complex business organization which make efforts to recurring, hiring and training and development of employees. It is further observed that if HRM department of organization does not perform its work in effective manner then it will not only decrease the overall productivity of organization but also put negative impact on the business functioning of organization. For instance, if a company is having employees strength of more than 100 employees then HRM department of organization will indulged in hiring, training and working program in effective manner (Bamberger, Biron, and Meshoulam, 2014). Furthermore, companies accompanied with complex business functions are more inclined towards setting a separate HRM department. However, HRM department of multination companies are accompanied with several challenges and issues such as communication problems, diversity needs and complex business structure. This has shown that if company could maintain effective hiring and training process then it will increase the efficiency, productivity and team work in determined approach. In the war of talent, human resource strategies are the key pillar for the business success (Varma, 2013). After evaluating the data from primary and secondary sources, it is observed that if company could make its organizational culture more restricted and accompanied by rigid organizational po licies an frameworks then it will put negative impact on employees working and increase the overall employee turnover. Nonetheless, this level of policies and organizational culture is very important to meet the standard targeted output and increase the productivity organization with a view to match with the globalized and ramified economic changes. There are several employees who born approximately between 1980 and 1979 and provide effective services in organization. Employees who are working in organization and related to generation y are more inclined towards working in less rigid working environment. However, employees from this generation y are less motivated for using highly sophisticated technologies and business parts. This level of organizational culture and installing high level of technologies put negative impact on employees and they get demotivated if they do not adapt with these technologies. Therefore, HRM department of organization has to indulge in providing proper level of training and development program for better handling of employees needs and demand in market. For instance, G.E. capital and Woolworth adopted cyber computing enterprises resource planning in its business process (Bud war and Debrah, 2013). It increased the demotivation in their employees working and resulted to high level of employee turnover in the years when these companies adopted cyber computing enterprises resource planning in its business process. Therefore, it could be inferred that if proper level of HRM policies and strategies plans could be made then it will not only increase the overall the productivity organization with a view to match with the globalized and ramified economic changes but also reduce the employees turnover (Sparrow Brewster and Chung, 2016). There are several current and emerging challenges that human resources PR actioners face in meeting the diverse and contemporize workforce. Multigenerational challenges Human resource PR actioners are facing multigenerational workforce problems. For instance, if an organization has more than 200 employees and half of the employees are from generation Y and half of the employees are young generation. It is considered that employees who are young and dynamic are more inclined towards new challenges and use of high technologies. On the other hand, employees from generation Y are more rigid and less inclined towards using sophisticated technologies (Sparrow, Brewster, and Chung, 2016). Therefore, management of this level of complexity becomes cumbersome process for Human resource PR actioners while introducing new HR policies and frameworks in organization. Nonetheless, HR practitioners could implement effective HR policies if they consider employees working behavior, perceptions and values for the betterment of organizations. HR needs to evaluate what kinds of training and development program needs to be implemented for the betterment of organizations working behavior and efficiency of business. However, it becomes hard for the HR PR actioners to implement customized HR polices which could satisfy employees need and demand as per the organizational working structure (Aswathappa, 2013). Attrition and retention of talented employees It is evaluated that Human resource PR actioners has to work as per the directions and instruction received from the top management department. It is considered that if they are not provided proper level of budget and directions to implement standards HR policies then it will become cumbersome process for HR department to manage their work and development of employees in determined approach. In addition to this, experts and experienced staffs are the key pillar of business success (Latham, 2014). Therefore, it is considered that if Attrition and retention of talented employees are not curbed by the management department then HR department has to provide same training to different employees each and every employee. This will increase the overall cost of process system of organization. However, company could decrease the overall attrition and retention of talented employees by implementing proper level of HR policies and implementing proper terms and conditions. Furthermore, each and e very time pursing different employees for the same level of tasks by the HR department also becomes very complicated. HR practitioners instead of struggling with these issues should be more inclined towards developing credibility in peoples working functions. If these attrition and employee turnover problems are not resolved by HR practitioners in timely manner then it will increase the complexity in the implementation of HR polices and employee oriented organizational culture (Marler and Fisher, 2013). Managing benefits and perks programs There are several organizations such as Woolworth, Wesfarmers, G.E. capital and Tesco that have complex business conditions and complex working environment. It is observed that if proper level of HR policy and rules are not implemented by HR practitioners then it will increase attrition, organizational cultural issues and communication gap in employees and resulted to tough implementation of benefits and peers program for the betterment of employees. However, due to complexity of business, employees and top management may face communication issues while communicating with each others. It is considered that if HR PR actioners face communication problems while communicating with employees and management department then it will increase the complexity of business. For instance, health insurance, disability facilities, paid vacations and other perks program could be extensive and program. The main challenging part for HR practitioners is related to implementation of perk and benefits pro gram for employees and evaluate the potential impact of the same by establishment of proper nexus between employees growth and organizational development at large. It becomes complex and cumbersome for HR PR actioners to look ahead the impacts of implemented perk and benefits program for the betterment of organization. Sometimes, Perks and other incentives are given to employees on the basis of their performance and positions (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). This creates allocation of benefits to employees differently and results to demotivation for employees who get less benefits from organization. These HR practitioners will face trouble in allocating benefits and perks to employees as they know if they allocate benefits to employees on the basis of irrelevant factors then it would create discrimination and demotivation among all the employees of organization. Therefore, it could be inferred that HR practitioners should evaluate all the internal and external factors before implementi ng HR policies and program in determined approach (Woodrow, and Guest, 2014). Conclusion HR polices and program should be set in such a manner by the HR practitioners which will not only establish employees oriented organizational culture but also result to management of employees problems in determined approach. In this report, it is shown that how employers oriented organizational culture could put negative impact on the business organization in long run. Furthermore, it is determined that if company could establish proper level of nexus between their employees welfare and organizational development then it will result to synergy in the usage of resources. References Armstrong, M. Taylor, S., (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K., (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bamberger, P.A., Biron, M. Meshoulam, I., (2014).Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Brewster, C. Hegewisch, A. eds., (2017).Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. Budhwar, P.S. Debrah, Y.A. eds., (2013)Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Latham, J.R., (2014). Leadership for quality and innovation: Challenges, theories, and a framework for future research.Quality Management Journal, 21 (1),5. Marler, J.H. Fisher, S.L., (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.18-36. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. Chung, C., (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. Chung, C., (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Varma, A., (2013).Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific(Vol. 20). Routledge. Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., (2014). When good HR gets bad results: Exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal, 24(1), pp.38-56.